The study, directed by Marshall Stoller M.D. of UCSF and Neva Ciftcioglu, formerly Nanobac’s Director of Science at NASA Johnson Space Center, discovered that CNPs were discovered and refined from Randall’s Plaques and observed by Nanobac’s proprietary diagnostics. These could comprise new prospective advance diagnosis and treatment chances for patients who bear from Kidney Stones.

“A firm colligate was discovered between the presence of Randall’s Plaques and the detection of CNPs. This outcomes evoke new perceptivities into the aetiology of Randall’s Plaque establishment, and will aid us interpret the pathogenesis of kidney stones establishment. Advance analyses on these issue could direct to new approaches on former diagnosis and new medical therapies of kidney stone establishment.” said Dr. Olavi Kajander, a Nanobac’s primary Research and Science Officer.

Compile and re-written based on Article by Brady Millican
© Nanobac Pharmaceuticals, Tampa

Researchers have applied nutrient relative frequency questionnaires to evaluate liberate intake of fructose and sucrose every 4 years. During a aggregated forty-eight years of followup, the researchers authenticated 4.902 new symptomatic of kidney stones. Equated with lowest quintile of absolute influxes of fructose, the peak quintile comprised affiliated with 37% expanded risk of a new kidney stones for aged women, an accumulated risk of 35% among young women, and an addition of 27% for male, after readjustment for possible confusedness, the researchers described this study in Kidney International.

NHS I enrolled adult female of age 30-55 years in 1976. NHS II enrolled adult female of age 25-42 years in 1989. The HPFS health professionals enrolled males of age 40-75 years in 1986. “The clinicians care for patients with disease of the stone should assure that people who repress their consumption of protein or fat are well aware that they must not increase then their intake of nutrients rich in fructose” said the researcher.

Drs. Curhan Taylor finally discovered that consumption of fructose has expanded substantially in late decades. “These contribution could growth the urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and additional factors connected with risk of kidney stone.” he said.

Compile and re-written based on Article by Jody A. Charnow
© Renal And Urology News

We did a crosswise analyse of 24 hours urine Excretion and the risk of kidney stones establishment in 3350 adult male and adult female, which is 2237 birthed a history of nephrolithiasis. After adapting for additional urinary factors, urinary uric acid delivered a substantial inverse connection with stone formation in adult male, a marginal opposite connection with risk in more immature women, and no connection in older adult female.

The chance of stone establishment in adult male and adult female significantly climbed with increasing urine calcium and oxalate, and importantly reduced with increasing citrate and urine volume, with the alteration in risk start to a lower place the conventional average thresholds. Other urinary components were also affiliated with risk, only deviated by age and sexuality.

Our report doesn’t backup the dominating impression that higher urine uric acid Excretion increases the risk for calcium oxalate stone establishment. Additionally, the actual definitions of average levels for urinary factors need to be reassessed.

Compile and re-written based on Article by Curhan GC, Taylor EN
© Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

More than 29 million Americans were suffered by migraine these days, according to study by Dr. Dion Graybeal, assistant professor of neurology. Base on release from the National Headache Foundation, Topiramate is one of the most commonly prescribed and effective medications for migraines.

Senior author and chief of mineral metabolism at the University of Texas South Western Medical Center at Dallas, Dr. Khashayar Sakhaee publish a statement that the widespread and escalating use of Topiramate emphasizes the importance of considering the long-term impact of this drug on kidney stones formation.

The research involving two part of group, one group are consist of 32 people whose had been in topiramate drug treatment and the other group are consist of 7 people with kidney stone risk was assessed before, three months after they took topiramate. There is 50 people in total who involved in this research are taking a blood and urine test to determine their risk in developing kidney stones.

The result is quite surprising, the research found that the group who dealing with topiramate treatment on a long-term basis, approx. about a year have experienced a systemic metabolic acidosis or a condition of increasing excessive acid in the blood, as a result of the less function of the kidney to excrete acid.

This research also finds out the fact that long-term treatment using Topiramate would increased urine pH and lowered urine citrate, which is would trigger kidney stones formation. These changes also increase the risk of calcium phosphate kidney stone or well known, as calcium stones. But luckily this research found no evidence that short-term Topiramate treatment will causes same condition as long-term user, in other word, using Topiramate in short term will not increase the risk of kidney stones.

Compile and re-written based on article by Health Day News
© Healthwise

Population studied The investigators examined the records of 267 patients with acute flank pain, which may cause by renal kidney stones referred from an urban emergency department for unenhanced helical CT. Seventy-two patients with no available hematuria testing were excluded. No demographic data were given. Study design and validity this was a retrospectire study: The researchers did not prospectively enroll everyone with acute flank pain and perform both hematuria testing and CT imaging.

Because some patients with acute flank pain were not referred for CT, this introduces a spectrum bias. For example, classic cases may not have been scanned, because the diagnosis was not in doubt. Further, the study was not blinded, no tests for statistical significance were performed, and the authors did not describe specific helical CT diagnostic criteria for ureterolithiasis. Outcomes measured the primary results were the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of hematuria, using a helical CT diagnosis of ureterolithiasis as the reference standard.

A Result The prevalence of kidney stones in the study population was 49%. This was similar to the prevalence among the 72 patients without hematuria testing. The sensitivity and specificity for a patient with any degree of microscopic hematuria were 89% and 29%, corresponding to a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 1.3 and a negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.4. At a prevalence of 49%, 54% of patients with any degree of microscopic hematuria had a stone, while 74% of patients without any microscopic hematuria did not have a stone. Thus, 26% of patients with flank pain but no microscopic hematuria had a stone by helical CT.

Increasing the diagnostic threshold to [is greater than] 1 red blood cell (RBC) per high-power field improves the overall accuracy of the test but does not improve the usefulness of these post-test probabilities very much. For [is greater than] 5 RBCs per high-power field, the sensitivity lowers to 67%, and the specificity improves to 66% (LR+ = 1.97; LR- = 0.5). However, 32% of the sample without this degree of hematuria had a stone on CT. Dipstick screening was even less accurate than microscopic testing.

Recommendations for clinical practice Although this study has numerous methodological flaws, it does suggest that hematuria does not satisfactorily rule in or rule out kidney stones for patients with acute flank pain. It still may have some diagnostic benefit if the pre-test probability is high, such as for patients with known stone disease and typical recurrent symptoms. Given the existing data on hematuria, IVP, and CT, clinicians seeking a definitive diagnosis of ureterolithiasis should consider no contrast helical CT. It is much more accurate than hematuria testing and is also cheaper, safer, easier, and more accurate than IVP.

Compile and re-written based on article by Clint J. Koenig
© Dowden Health Media, Inc – © Gale Group

The demand for kidney donors is far beyond the supply, which makes more study being held about transplantation using marginal organs and expanding the criteria for donation relevant. These studies indicate that the presence of small/tolerable size kidney stones should not make people with that disease being refuse from becoming donors.

A recent research has found out that small kidney stones in kidneys used for living donor transplantations were unlikely to grow after transplantation, according to a release from the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, A retrospective chart and radiograph reviews of more than 700 donor kidneys, which 44 of them were found to have kidney stones, 86% of them had kidney stones with 1 mm to 2 mm in size, and 14% had kidney stones with size around 3 mm to 6 mm.

Scanning procedure is performed on 14 patients who already pass the transplantation for 10.5 months in average. The result showed there is no sign about kidney stones existing in 6 patients, stable kidney stones size in 4 patients, and increasing kidney stones size in 4 patient, which growth in average around 2.9 mm. The best point is there is no kidney losses due to kidney stones obstruction occurred, with the grafted kidney survival rate was 97%, which also recorded as a same rate to national survival rate for living donor.

The procedure of kidney transplant using kidney that containing stones requires consent of the donor, recipient, and transplant surgeon after all parties have discussed the potential risks that might occur. According to the researchers suggest, the recipient of a kidney that has stones should undergo close follow-up tests in order to detecting kidney stones.

Patients also should keep aware in tracing any signal of obstruction symptoms, such as vomiting and nausea; bloody, cloudy, or foul-smelling urine; or a persistent urge to urinate. Despite that transplanting kidneys, which have stones already prove pose little risk to organ’s viability, it doesn’t mean the patient could let it go unaware, because there are various factors that can bring a problem after the surgery, that’s why, if that happen, the patient and the doctor could take a fast preventives action to solve it.

Compile and re-written based on article release by AORN Journal
© Association of Operating Room Nurses, Inc – © Gale Group

Not many people known that once a kidney stones forms, there will be 50% chance exists that a second kidney stones will form again within 5 to 7 years in the absence of treatment. Many of this “back to back” kidney stones formation held as a impact of their own bad lifestyle. There for lot of people or medical community try to find out more supporting evidence between the chance to get troubled by kidney stones twice in a row and healthy lifestyle.

This issue became more famous recently, and bring many scientist and researchers back to their lab or do more research. One of these researches is their enrolled man with recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stones and hypercalciuria. The volunteers randomly assigning to a take low-calcium diet (around 400 mg per day) or taken a diet with normal calcium consumption (around 1,200 mg per day), low animal protein (around 52 grams per day) and low salt (around 2,900 mg per day). Both groups consumed 2 to 3 litters of water per day.

The next step is to take a urine sample from these two different groups and analyse it in laboratory. In both groups, urine calcium levels fell significantly, but urine oxalate excretion increased in the low-calcium-diet group. After 5 years, 12 of the 60 men on the diet with normal calcium, low animal protein, and low salt had recurrent kidney stones compared with 23 of 60 men on the low-calcium diet. Relatively their risk shown 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 — 0.98; P = 0.04.

Based on this research, researcher came with a suggestion to prevent recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stones. They assure and encourage male patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria to take a diet with ample amounts of calcium and reduced amounts of animal protein and salt is superior to a low-calcium diet, as it proven to be working in decreasing their chance to get another kidney stones in the future.

Compile and re-written based on article by Nancy Risser, MN, RNA ANP and Mary Murphy, CPNP PhD
© Springhouse Corporation – © ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights

Green tea has already known as herb and useful for many natural treatment including for kidney stones treatment. Its been popular because it ability to prevent and cure many disease. Further more its also been used for long ago by many traditional physicians as it proven bring less side effect than chemical base medicine.

Some research has been doing lately to explore the ability of green tea to cure and prevent disease correlated to kidney stones formation. Its also been revealed that green tea leaves contain approximately 13% catechins, which been known have antioxidant effects which is good to prevent kidney stones. As urinary kidney stones share many similarities to arteriosclerosis in epidemiology, mechanism, age at frequent occurrence and calcification composition, which is correlated because calcification that occurs in arteriosclerosis is inhibited by antioxidants. That’s why more research about that are just being held again with main goal to find out the inhibitory, ant oxidative effects of green tea on calcium kidney stones formation.

For this research they used 120 of lab rat, which divided into 4 different groups. Group 1 is indicated as control rats receiving saline, group 2 as stone group rats administered by vitamin D3 and ethylene glycol, group 3 subjected to drink group rats which given green tea as their drinking water and administered with vitamin D3 and ethylene glycol, and group 4 subjected to powder group rats with 2.5% mixed powdered green tea leaves as their diet and administered with ethylene glycol and vitamin D3.

The researcher collect 24 hour-urine and blood sample and took 2 kidneys after 7,14 and 21 days administration. One kidney was used for immunohistological examination of superoxide dismutase, osteopontin, p65, p53 and bcl-2 expression, in hybridization of osteopontin and detection of apoptosis, while the other was used for analysing the quantitative of superoxide dismutase activity.

After analysing all fact and result, this research success to find out that green tea decreased urinary oxalate excretion and calcium oxalate or calcium kidney stones deposit formation, which means it might decrease the chance of kidney stones being formed. Green tea also increased superoxide dismutase activity compared with rat in-group 2. The degree of apoptosis in the group 3 was significantly increased compared with group 3 and group 4.

This result interestingly revealed the ability of green tea for kidney stones treatment and it inhibitory affects on calcium oxalate urolithiasis which most likely due to ant oxidative effects. Further more, it might bring same result to kidney stones patient, although further research and deep analysis must be establish to support this study and if it successful, it will relieve many kidney stones sufferer.

Compile and re-written based on release from Alternative Medicine Review, March 2005 by Y.Itoh, T.Yasui, A.Okada
© 2005 Thorne Research Inc – © 2005 Gale Group

One of the largest number cases about kidney stones reported as calcium oxalate kidney stones, which separate into four different conditions, one of them is hyperoxaluria. Hyperoxaluria is a condition of increasing oxalate in the urine as a result of oxalate over consuming. Excess oxalate, together with calcium responsible for develop calcium oxalate kidney stones.

Groups of researcher from Toronto Rehabilitation Institute release a report that excessive intake of Vitamin C may also lead to hyperoxaluria and increase the chance of getting kidney stones. But luckily, through many research and study, other researcher also found how Vitamin E could be useful to prevent hyperoxaluria and reduce the risk of getting troubled by kidney stones.

The main objective of this research is to find out whether vitamin E prevents hyperoxaluria – induced oxalate kidney stones formation. They using an animal model of calcium oxalate kidney stones disease, as our previous in- vitro and in-vivo studies revealed that oxalate and hyperoxaluria induce free radical generation, which bring peroxidative injury to renal tubular cells as a results.

They divided 3 different groups of rats that separate base on it diets fed with adequate (group 1), excess (group 2) or deficient (group 3) vitamin E. They used Ethylene Glycol at doses 150 mg/day for 3 weeks. A number of indicators of peroxidation, free radicals and enzymatic activity were then assessed.

The result is very interesting, Ethylene Glycol treatment in group 1 lead to increased lipid peroxidation, protein thiol, excretion of urinary enzymes, oxalate and decreases in urinary calcium, antioxidant enzymes and altered glutathione redox balance. Although renal function was not altered, there was increased water intake, urine volume and lowered urinary pH in these rats.

In other groups, the changes were more intense, with extensive calcium oxalate crystal deposition, in rat’s in-group 3 and prevented in rats in-group 2, except for urinary oxalate levels, which remained high. Histopathological examination showed that there was no deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in rat’s in-group 2 which make this group have less risk for developing kidney stones.

This research has successful to demonstrate in-vivo evidence that hyperoxaluria-induced peroxidative injury induces individual calcium oxalate crystal attachment in the renal tubules. Further more, excess vitamin E completely prevented calcium oxalate deposition, by preventing peroxidative injury and restoring renal tissue antioxidants and glutathione redox balance. Base on this evidence, the researcher submit a conclusion that vitamin E therapy might useful for kidney stones therapy as protection against the deposition of calcium oxalate kidney stones.

Compile and re-written based on release from Alternative Medicine Review, Sept 2005 by S. Thamilselvan, M. Menon
© 2005 Thorne Research Inc – © 2005 Gale Group

At the National Animal Disease Centre in Ames, Iowa, ARS microbiologist Milton J. Allison and chemist Albert L. Baetz help to lay the foundation for medical research, which might bring benefit to people who suffered by kidney stones. Vast majority of kidney stones is calcium oxalate stones, which developing as a result of over absorbing oxalate in their system. So, what is oxalate mean actually, in a simple sentence, oxalate is a substance that triggering and can lead developing of kidney stones if absorbed to much from our daily assumption.

Main idea of this research is these two researchers, Milton J. Allison and Albert L. Baetz, try to explore some bacteria called Oxalobacter Formigenes that lives in the digestive tracts of cattle, sheep, and humans which interestingly have ability to break down oxalates in livestock forages. Some 20 years ago, Allison was one of the first researchers to study on this issue, but now Albert L Baetz assist his aid a chemist, which very helpful to get full focus to this research, and they did found something.

“This bacterium consumes only oxalate for its energy and growth. It is able to live in the large intestine of humans, but not in the small ones, because it can’t tolerate any amount of air,” says Allison.

First procedure that they do is to isolate two oxalate-busting enzymes from the bacterium. In this stage they need deeper understanding about how the bacterium gets its energy and grows in the anaerobic environment of the rumen of cattle and the large intestine of humans. There for they collaborate with other researcher from University of Johns Hopkins, a microbiologist Peter Maloney, to provided and assist them for better understanding regarding this issue.

A study take place at ARS’ Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory in Logan, Utah, regarding the oxalate-degrading bacterium has helped to find an answer to unknown issue about western cattle ranchers who get several illness and even died as a result consuming the toxic halogeton plant, which known contain high level of oxalate. This halogeton plant spread widely in seven western states. Interestingly, researchers found that cattle could graze small amounts of this toxic plant safely because bacteria in their stomachs break down the oxalate, and making it less endanger to animal. (Grazing Poisonous Plants, Agricultural Research, May 1986, pp. 6-10)

Base on this interesting discovery, medical researchers suspect that this issue might be useful to humans as it work to animal for interrupt smooth developing of kidney stones, because high numbers of oxalate-degrading bacteria in their intestines. However, also like cattle, which consumed and absorbed too much oxalate at once, people may also have difficulty if they consume too much oxalate-containing foods all at once.

“Several other researchers had release a result that supporting the concept that oxalate use by these intestinal bacteria may protect people from forming kidney stones inside their body,” said Allison. But obviously further medical studies are needed to examine this unique relationship and it side effect”

Milton J. Allison and Albert L. Baetz are in the USDA-ARS Physiopathology Research Unit, at National Animal Disease Centre.

Compile and re-written based on release from Agricultural Research, Oct 1995 byLinda Cookeby
© 1995 U.S. Government Printing Office – © 2004 Gale Group